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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SATNT</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0254-3486</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2222-4173</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>AOSIS</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">SATNT-36-1464</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4102/satnt.v36i1.1464</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Referaatopsomming</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Herwinning van uraan uit afvalmateriaal afkomstig van omsettingsaanleg</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Potgieter</surname>
<given-names>Marcelle</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barry</surname>
<given-names>John C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6764-4132</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>van der Westhuizen</surname>
<given-names>Derik J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-133X</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>Krieg</surname>
<given-names>Henning M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="AF0001"><label>1</label>Membrane Technology Group, Chemical Resource Beneficiation, North-West University, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="AF0002"><label>2</label>Uranium Chemistry Group, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation SOC (Necsa), South Africa</aff>
<aff id="AF0003"><label>3</label>Membrane Technology Group, Chemical Resource Beneficiation, North-West University, South Africa</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1"><bold>Corresponding author:</bold> Marcelle Potgieter, <email xlink:href="marcelle.potgieter@necsa.co.za">marcelle.potgieter@necsa.co.za</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<elocation-id>1464</elocation-id>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>&#x00A9; 2017. The Authors</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">
<license-p>Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p><bold>Dissolution of nuclear conversion plant waste.</bold> The ADU conversion process operated at Necsa, resulted in a significant amount of U-containing waste. To recover the valuable U, the main impurities were determined as Ca, Fe and Th and it was found that 98&#x0025; of U could be dissolved in 3 M HNO<sub>3</sub> without an additional oxidising agent.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec id="s0001">
<title></title>
<p>Die ammoniumdiuranaat (ADU)-omsettingsproses wat by Necsa bedryf is en gebaseer is op die direkte omsetting van ADU na UF<sub>6</sub> (Ponelis, Slabber &#x0026; Zimmer <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CIT0004">1987</xref>), het verskil van di&#x00E9; in ander lande in die opsig dat daar nie kerngraadvoermateriaal gebruik is nie. Die gebruik van onsuiwer voermateriaal soos ontvang deur myne het daartoe gelei dat &#x2019;n groot hoeveelheid afvalmateriaal gevorm is wat ho&#x00EB; konsentrasies herwinbare U, asook ander onsuiwerhede, bevat. Vir herwinning, moet beide die hoeveelheid onsuiwerhede bepaal word en &#x2019;n metode ontwikkel word om die afvalmateriaal vir verdere prosessering op te los. Addisioneel is gepoog om van die onsuiwerhede reeds tydens die oplosproses te verwyder.</p>
<p>Om die invloed van die oplosmiddels by verskillende konsentrasies (3 en 1 M HNO<sub>3</sub>; 2.5 en 1.25 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>; 3 en 1 M HCl en water) te ondersoek, is 1 g afvalmateriaal in 100 mL oplosmiddel by 80 &#x00B0;C vir 1 h opgelos terwyl dit konstant geroer is. Die invloed van H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (oksidasie van U[IV] na U[VI]) op die oplosbaarheid van die U, is ook bestudeer.</p>
<p>Daar is gevind dat die afvalmateriaal 487 mg/g U bevat, terwyl die hoofonsuiwerhede ten opsigte van U, Ca (9.3&#x0025;), Fe (5.4&#x0025;) en Th (8.4&#x0025;) was. In al die oplosmiddels wat ondersoek is, is meer as 78&#x0025; U opgelos met &#x2019;n maksimum van 98&#x0025; U wat in 3 M HNO<sub>3</sub> opgelos het. Die byvoeging van H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> het die minste invloed op die oplosbaarheid van U in HNO<sub>3</sub> getoon, maar het wel &#x2019;n toename in oplosbaarheid in minder oksiderende sure veroorsaak. Tydens die oplosproses is die Th- konsentrasie tot onder 1&#x0025; ten opsigte van U in oplossing verlaag. Die hoeveelheid Ca het gewissel, afhangende van die suurtipe en -konsentrasie wat met die oplosbaarheid van CaSO<sub>4</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub>O in verskillende sure, volgens literatuur, ooreenstem (Cameron &#x0026; Breazeale <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CIT0001">1903</xref>; Vershkova et al. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CIT0006">2003</xref>; Li &#x0026; Demopoulos <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CIT0002">2005</xref>; Ling &#x0026; Demopoulos <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CIT0003">2004</xref>). Die konsentrasie Fe in oplossing het nie beduidend verlaag nie, slegs &#x2019;n klein toename getoon na die byvoeging van H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Dit impliseer dat die oksiderende oplosproses van U nie net deur H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> nie, maar ook deur Fe gefasiliteer word (Venter &#x0026; Boylett <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CIT0005">2009</xref>).</p>
<p>Die afvalmateriaal is dus suksesvol opgelos (98&#x0025; U) in 3 M HNO<sub>3</sub> in die afwesigheid van &#x2019;n addisionele oksideermiddel, terwyl die Th-inhoud vanaf 8.4&#x0025; tot onder 1&#x0025; verlaag is. Toekomstige werk sluit die verwydering van fluoried, asook suiwering van die U uit die onsuiwer oplossing, in.</p>
</sec>
</body>
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<ref-list id="refernces">
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<fn-group>
<fn><p><bold>How to cite this article:</bold> Potgieter, M., Barry, J.C., Van der Westhuizen, D.J. &#x0026; Krieg, H.M., 2017, &#x2018;Herwinning van uraan uit afvalmateriaal afkomstig van omsettingsaanleg&#x2019;, <italic>Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie</italic> 36(1), a1464. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v36i1.1464">https://doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v36i1.1464</ext-link></p></fn>
<fn><p><bold>Note:</bold> A selection of conference proceedings: Student Symposium in Science, 27&#x2013;28 October 2016, North-West University, South Africa. Organising committee: Mr Rudi Pretorius (Department of Geography, University of South Africa); Dr Hertzog Bisset (South African Nuclear Energy Corporation [Necsa]); Dr Andrew Swarts (School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, North-West University).</p></fn>
</fn-group>
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